Framing Details.

(1) 

Horizontal Members.

(a) 

Girders and Beams. Girders and beams where entering or resting on masonry walls shall have a bearing of at least four (4) inches.

(b) 

Separation by Masonry. Wood members entering masonry party or fire walls shall be separated from the opposite side of the wall and from beams entering the opposite side of the wall by four (4) inches of masonry. The ends of joists, beams and girders shall be splayed or fire-cut to a level of not less than three (3) inches in their depth. Where wood joists rest on the top of a masonry wall, the ends of such joists shall be properly spiked to a two (2) inch plank the same width as the joists, the joists shall be properly beam filled to provide anchorage to the masonry wall.

(c) 

Anchors. Where the outside walls are built of masonry, anchors for each tier of joists shall be provided where they enter masonry walls, and also when they are parallel to masonry walls. Such anchors shall be three-quarter (3/4) inch round from or equal, not less than thirty-six (36) inches long, fitted with a three-quarter (3/4) inch by ten (10) inch pin at the wall end, and shall be spaced not more than six (6) feet apart. The pin shall be placed vertically in the wall and four (4) inches from the opposite face of such wall. Such anchors shall, in all cases, occur on the opposite ends of the same run of joists, and where the length of joists is less than the distance across a building, the ends of joists shall be lapped and spiked so as to form a continuous tie across the building. Anchors shall be placed across the top of joists that run parallel to the wall and shall be fastened to the ends of joists below the neutral axis.

(d) 

Floor Joists. Floor joists shall be supported by beams, bearing partitions or walls. Where entering exterior stud walls, the joists shall be supported by a ribbon set into the studs if no plate is provided. Joists shall be well nailed to supporting studs.

(e) 

Joists. Joists under bearing partitions and running parallel thereto shall be doubled and well spiked, or separated by solid bridging not more than sixteen (16) inches on centers to permit the passage of pipes.

(f) 

Wood Cross Bridging. Wood cross bridging shall be placed between joists if the span is over eight (8) feet. The distance between bridging or between bridging and bearing shall not exceed eight (8) feet. Bridging shall be at least one (1) inch by three (3) inches in size.

(g) 

Metal Cross Bridging. Metal cross bridging of equal or greater strength may be used in the place of wood cross bridging.

(h) 

Cutting Into Structural Members. Cutting of wood girders, beams or joists shall be limited to cuts and bored holes not deeper than one-fifth (1/5) the beam depth below the top and located not further from the beam end than three (3) times the beam depth. There shall be no cutting or notching the underside of any required size beam or joist.

(2) 

Stud Framework.

(a) 

Sills and Plates. Where partition studs do not rest on walls or beams, stud partitions shall be provided with sills or plates with dimensions not less than the studs.

(b) 

Bearing Partitions. In bearing partitions, the top plate shall be doubled and lapped at each intersection. Joints in the upper and lower members of the top plate shall be staggered not less than thirty-two (32) inches.

(c) 

Studs. Studs in bearing walls and bearing partitions shall be not less than 1-5/8 x 3-5/8 inches in size with the 3-5/8 inch dimension at right angles with the plane of the wall or partition. Angles at corners where stud walls or partitions meet shall be framed solid so that no lath can be extended from one room to another.

(d) 

Piping. Stud partitions containing plumbing, heating or other pipes shall be framed to accommodate such equipment.

(e) 

Wood Lath. Furring or framing shall be placed not less than two (2) inches from any chimney and not less than four (4) inches from the back of any fireplace.

(3) 

Roof Framing.

(a) 

Rafters. Valley and hip rafters shall be two (2) inches wider than the common rafters, where dormers or gables are over six (6) feet in width, the valley rafters shall run through to the ridge of the main roof; where the ridge of the dormer or gable is below the ridge of the main roof, one valley rafter shall run through to the ridge of the main roof.

(b) 

Metal Flashings. Metal flashings shall be placed around all openings in end extensions of mechanical appliances or equipment through the roof.

(c) 

Collar Beams. Collar beams shall be provided when rafters are sixteen (16) feet or over, measured from the ridge to the bearing plate. Such collar beams shall be not less than two (2) inches by four (4) inches and shall be placed not more than thirty-two (32) inches center to center.

(4) 

Trusses.

(a) 

Joints. Wood trusses and truss framing shall have all joints accurately cut and fitted together so that each bearing is true and drawn tight to the full bearing. All such trusses shall be properly secured in place by lateral bracing.

(b) 

Washers. Washers of sufficient size to distribute the loads properly shall be used in connection with rods or metal members. Before a truss is loaded, the tension rods shall be properly adjusted.

(c) 

Anchoring. Timber trusses shall be securely anchored to the wall at points of bearing.